DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Diabetes can have a significant impact on the eyes, potentially leading to various vision problems if not managed properly. This is because high blood sugar levels can damage the delicate blood vessels in the eyes. Here’s an overview of how diabetes affects eye health:
 
1. Diabetic Retinopathy
  •        What is it? Damage to the blood vessels in the retina, which can cause them to leak or become blocked.
  •        Stages:
      •     Non-proliferative Retinopathy: Early stage with mild symptoms, like small blood vessel damage and microaneurysms.
      •     Proliferative Retinopathy: Advanced stage where new, abnormal blood vessels form, which can cause bleeding or scarring.
  •        Symptoms: Blurred vision, dark spots or “floaters,” difficulty seeing at night, or vision loss.
 
2. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
  •        What is it? Swelling in the macula (part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision) due to fluid leakage.
  •        Symptoms: Blurry or wavy vision, particularly in the center of your visual field.
 
3. Cataracts
  •        People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing cataracts at a younger age.
  •        Symptoms: Cloudy or blurry vision, glare around lights, difficulty seeing at night.
 
4. Glaucoma
  •        Diabetes increases the risk of glaucoma, a condition that damages the optic nerve due to increased pressure inside the eye.
  •        Symptoms: Loss of peripheral (side) vision, blurred vision, or halos around lights.
 
5. Dry Eye Syndrome
  •        Diabetes can reduce tear production, leading to dry, irritated eyes.
  •        Symptoms: Redness, discomfort, a gritty sensation, or blurred vision.
 
Prevention and Management
  •        Blood Sugar Control: Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels helps reduce the risk of eye complications.
  •        Regular Eye Exams: Annual dilated eye exams can detect problems early.
  •        Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Management: Keeping these under control also protects eye health.
  •        Healthy Lifestyle: Exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking are beneficial.
 
If you have diabetes and experience any changes in your vision, seek medical attention promptly, as early treatment can prevent or limit severe vision loss.